75% of strokes are found in people over 65 years of age. The incidence of stroke increases progressively with age, reaching its maximum value in the over eighty-five year olds. The prevalence rate of stroke in the Italian elderly population (aged 65-84 years) is 6.5%, higher in men (7.4%) than in women (5.9%).
According to the 7th edition of the Italian Guidelines on Cerebral Stroke (2012) of the Stroke Prevention and Educational Awareness Diffusion (SPREAD), stroke is the third leading cause of death in Italy after cardiovascular disease and neoplasms, causing 10% -12% of all deaths per year, and is the main cause of disability. It is estimated that 40% of people who have a TIA will experience a full-blown stroke in the future. Transient ischemic attack or TIA, differs from ischemic stroke due to the shorter duration of the symptoms (less than 24 hours, although in most cases the TIA lasts a few minutes, from 5 to 30 minutes).Hypertension is almost always the cause of this very serious form of stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke: occurs when a brain artery ruptures, thus causing non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (this form represents 13% of all strokes) or characterized by the presence of blood in the sub-arachnoid space (this form accounts for about 3% of all strokes).Ischemic stroke: occurs when the cerebral arteries are blocked by the gradual formation of an atherosclerotic plaque an /or a blood clot, which comes from the heart or from another vascular area (thrombo-embolic stroke).The Ministry of Health distinguishes three types of stroke : Stroke is defined by the WHO, World Health Organization, as a syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of focal or global neurological deficits (coma), lasting more than 24 hours, or with a lethal outcome, not attributable to any other apparent cause except for cerebral vasculopathy. 2.14 Electromechanical or Robotic-Assisted Therapy.2.13 Electromyographic (EMG) Biofeedback.2.12 Functional Electrical stimulation (FES) and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS).2.10 Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy.2.6 Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.2.5 Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.2.2 Tactile Stimulation, Soft Tissue Mobilisation and Passive Movements.
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